1. You should ask this question the other way around. C and its derivatives were invented on Unix systems and then Windows eventually adopted them too, just like everything else Microsoft stole and then bastardized since they hate real standards.
2. C++ was running on Unix before Windows even existed. Most Linux distros have free compilers - gcc and g++ are the standard C compilers. Here's some info on them:

   http://gcc.gnu.org/
   http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/
   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/gnu_compile…

   When programming under Linux, I generally do the coding in emacs and then compile with g++. It's pretty easy, and I'm sure there are some IDEs available as well.

3. c++ is a high level language, there are many high level languages available in linux. too many to mention in fact.
4. Ya C++ is also workable in linux
5. C++ is used for Linux and gives the same freedom

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